The Effects of Containerization on Great Lakes Ports - Special Report No. 2
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Authors
Schenker, Eric
Issue Date
2014-05-29
Type
Technical Report
Language
en_US
Subject
The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Great Lakes Studies , February 1968
Alternative Title
Abstract
Containers are a genuine revolution in handling waterborne cargo*
The most attractive thing about the container is that it introduces
economies where ocean transport costs have been increasing most
rapidly—at the dock* Container shipments began on the U*S* inter -
coastal routes, the Pacific-Coast Hawaii route, and between East
Coast ports and Puerto Rico more than ten years ago. The success
and steady growth of this traffic prompted the expansion of container
service into the North Atlantic routes and, very recently, into the
trans-Pacific routes,, The first regular container ship service over
the Atlantic routes was inaugurated in April, 1966, when Sea Land
began service between New York and Northern Europe.- Today, most
of the major American lines serving the Eastern ports are beginning
container service to Japan and the Philippines.
Presently, 60 to 70 per cent of the cost of ocean transport is
incurred while the ship is at the dock* It has been estimated that on
the average, using regular break bulk procedures, exports are handled
twenty six times between the manufacturer and the overseas customer*
Door to door container delivery reduces this to four or five. The
savings to the shipper are obvious,* His packing costs, handling
charges, insurance costs, and losses from pilferage are significantly
reduced* His products also arrive at their destination much
faster* The use of containers can reduce the transit time for freight
moving from Chicago to Birmingham, England, from 19 to 14 days..
A cost analysis of a containerized shipment of 56 electronic communications
shelters shipped by the U*S* Army from Clifton, New Jersey,
to Germany showed a savings of $31,746 and of four to twelve days
time over regular handling* This was a fifty per cent reduction in
the cost of the shipment*
Description
Partial OCR done. 51 pages total.